المسائل الفقہیہ المستنبطۃ من الحکمۃ النبویۃ فی الصلح والاقتصاد والمعاہدات: دراسۃ تحلیلیۃ و فقہیۃ JURISPRUDENTIAL ISSUES DERIVED FROM PROPHETIC WISDOM IN RECONCILIATION, ECONOMICS, AND TREATIES: AN ANALYTICAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL STUDY Section Islamic Studies

Abstract

The prophetic wisdom represents a comprehensive and balanced approach to organizing various aspects of life. Among the most prominent of these aspects are reconciliation, economics, and treaties. The Prophetic Sunnah established firm principles aimed at achieving justice, ensuring rights, and fostering stability in society. The Prophet’s ﷺ biography serves as an exemplary model for managing social, economic, and political relations. He consistently sought to balance different interests, establish justice, and provide effective solutions to the problems facing individuals and communities, leading to the formation of a cohesive society based on cooperation, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence.In Islam, reconciliation is not merely a means to end disputes; rather, it is a fundamental value and a supreme principle that contributes to achieving social harmony, strengthening bonds of love and unity among individuals and groups, protecting rights, and preventing conflicts from escalating. The Prophetic Sunnah contains numerous instances that highlight the significance of reconciliation, as the Prophet ﷺ was keen on resolving disputes, promoting forgiveness, and emphasizing that just reconciliation ensures stability and security within society. In this regard, the Prophet ﷺ said: "Shall I not inform you of something better than fasting, prayer, and charity?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Reconciling relations, for indeed, discord among people is the shaver (destroyer of good deeds). These prophetic teachings reflect Islam’s emphasis on fostering a culture of reconciliation and avoiding conflicts that could harm the social fabric.In the economic sphere, the prophetic guidelines laid the foundation for lawful earnings, prohibited exploitation, and promoted social solidarity, ensuring an economy based on justice and integrity. The Prophet ﷺ established clear principles encouraging honest labor while forbidding fraud, monopoly, and usury. He also advocated for spending in the cause of Allah and assisting the poor and needy. The Prophet ﷺ said: "The honest and trustworthy merchant will be with the Prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs."Furthermore, he encouraged moderation in spending and condemned extravagance and wastefulness. This reflects a balanced economic philosophy that harmonizes production and consumption, savings and investment, all aimed at ensuring prosperity and economic stability for society as a whole.Regarding treaties, the Prophet ﷺ had a clear approach to regulating relations between Muslims and others. He concluded several treaties aimed at ensuring security, stability, and the safeguarding of rights while promoting peaceful coexistence among different communities. A notable example of this is the Constitution of Medina, which is considered the first civil charter that organized relations between Muslims, Jews, and other residents of Medina. It established principles of justice and equality, affirmed the concept of shared citizenship, cooperation in defending the homeland, freedom of belief, and financial independence for each community while adhering to the general laws governing society. Additionally, the prophetic treaties emphasized key principles such as honoring agreements, avoiding treachery, and guaranteeing the rights of minorities, showcasing the profound humanitarian aspect of the Prophet’s ﷺ political approach.This study aims to analyze and examine the jurisprudential issues derived from prophetic wisdom in these vital areas by reviewing prophetic texts related to reconciliation, economics, and treaties, extracting legal rulings from these texts, and demonstrating their impact on regulating various aspects of life. The study also seeks to highlight how these prophetic principles contribute to the formation of a cohesive and just society that maintains a balance between rights and duties, ensuring stability and security for all members. Moreover, it aims to underscore the role of the Prophetic Sunnah in establishing the foundations of human relations and fostering cooperation and tolerance among different nations and peoples. Thus, this research serves as a scholarly contribution that sheds light on the jurisprudential dimension of prophetic wisdom, illustrating its depth and comprehensiveness in addressing various challenges faced by human societies throughout history.